EICR vs PAT Testing: A Homeowner and Landlord Guide to Electrical Safety
EICR tests the fixed wiring, PAT tests portable appliances. Learn the difference, what the law requires, and whether you need both.
By First Certify · 2025-08-20 · 6 min read
First Certify is a UK property compliance platform staffed by accredited assessors and qualified engineers. This article has been reviewed for accuracy against current UK regulations, including MEES, the Electrical Safety Standards 2020, and the Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998.
EICR and PAT testing are often confused, but they serve different purposes and cover different parts of a propertys electrical system. Understanding the difference is essential for landlords and homeowners who want to stay safe and compliant.
An EICR (Electrical Installation Condition Report) is an inspection of the fixed electrical installation. This includes the consumer unit (fuse board), the wiring behind the walls, sockets, switches, and light fittings. It is a thorough inspection carried out by a qualified electrician, who tests every circuit for safety, continuity, and insulation resistance. For landlords, an EICR is legally required every 5 years under the 2020 Electrical Safety Standards.
PAT testing (Portable Appliance Testing) is an inspection of portable electrical appliances, such as kettles, toasters, microwaves, heaters, and lamps. Each item is visually inspected and electrically tested, then labelled with a pass or fail sticker. PAT testing is not strictly mandatory, but landlords must ensure that any electrical equipment provided in a tenancy is safe under the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. Annual PAT testing is the recognised way to demonstrate this.
In short, EICR covers the building, PAT covers the appliances. If you provide furnished lets or HMOs, you should have both. If you let unfurnished, an EICR is legally required but PAT testing may not be relevant since you are not providing appliances.
The two inspections can be carried out on the same visit. Our electricians can complete an EICR and PAT test in a single appointment, which is more efficient and less disruptive for tenants. The EICR takes two to four hours depending on property size, and PAT testing adds 30 to 60 minutes depending on the number of appliances.
Both inspections produce a digital report. The EICR includes classification codes (C1, C2, C3, FI) for any defects found. The PAT test includes a detailed asset register with pass/fail results for every appliance. Both are delivered within 72 working hours — most within 24–48.
FAQs
Do I need both an EICR and PAT testing?
If you provide furnished lets or HMOs, yes. An EICR is legally required every 5 years for the fixed wiring, and PAT testing demonstrates that the portable appliances you provide are safe. If you let unfurnished, an EICR is required but PAT testing may not be relevant.
What is the difference between EICR and PAT testing?
An EICR inspects the fixed electrical installation (wiring, consumer unit, sockets, switches). PAT testing inspects portable appliances (kettles, toasters, heaters). EICR is legally required for landlords every 5 years. PAT testing is recommended but not mandatory.
Can EICR and PAT testing be done at the same time?
Yes. Our electricians can complete both inspections in a single visit. The EICR takes two to four hours and PAT testing adds 30 to 60 minutes depending on the number of appliances.